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<H1>In Vitro Fertilization</H1>
<P> In Vitro Fertilization IVF Assisted hatching Artificial thinning or creating
an opening in the zona pellucida<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="In Vitro Fertilization specialists IVF"></A>
Corpus luteum A special gland that forms on the surface of the ovary at the
site of ovulation and produces progesterone during the second half of the
cycle<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="In Vitro Fertilization Toronto Ontario Clinic IVF"></A>
It is necessary to prepare the uterine lining for implantation by the fertilized
egg<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="IVF Help In Vitro Fertiization"></A>
Cryopreservation Freezing living cells (embryos, sperm, eggs)<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="IVF Clinics In Vitro fertilization"></A>
Cytoplasm The granular portion in the centre of each egg<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="In Vitro Fertilization Treatment"></A>
Embryo The term used to describe the early stages of cell division<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="IVF Research In Vitro Fertilization"></A>
Endometriosis The presence of endometrial tissue (the normal uterine lining)
in abnormal locations, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries and peritoneal
cavity, often causing pelvic pain, painful menstruation or infertility<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="In,Vitro,Fertilization"></A>
Endometrium The mucus membrane lining the uterus<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="IVF Canada In Vitro Fertilization"></A>
Epididymis A coiled tubular structure in the male which receives sperm from
the testes<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="ivf Fertility Infertility Reproductive Help"></A>
The sperm is stored, nourished and matured for a period of several months,
then conducted into the vas deferens<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="Trying to Get Pregnant Fertility Issues Infertility Treatment Success Rate Cost Canadian Fertility Clinic Toronto Reproductive Medical Staff Medical"></A>
Estrogen The primary female hormone produced mainly by the ovaries from puberty
to menopause<A href="http://www.tcartonline.com/"><IMG src="http://www.tcartonline.com/images/prd.gif" border="0" alt="Journals American Society for Reproductive Medicine Hhuman Chorionic Gonadotropin Hcg Reproductive Psychotherapists Psychologists Reproductive Social Workers In Vitro Fertilization"></A>
Fallopian tubes Tubes which lead from the uterus and end in finger-like projections
called fimbriae near the ovaries. Fertilization takes place in the fallopian
tubes. Follicle The structure in the ovary that nurtures the ripening egg
and from which the egg is released to the fallopian tube. Follicle stimulation
hormone (FSH) Hormone released by the pituitary gland which stimulates both
the growth of ovarian follicles in women and sperm production in men, used
as an indicator of egg production. GnRH A hormone released from the hypothalamus
that signals to the pituitary gland when to release the gonadotropins LH and
FSH. Gonads The glands that produce the reproductive organs (ovaries in the
female and testes in the male). Gametes A term to refer to human eggs and
sperm. Gonadotropins A class of hormones that play a key role in the regulation
of female and male reproduction. Gonadotropins include follicle stimulation
hormone (FSH), luetenizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
FSH and LH are both secreted by the pituitary gland. In the female, they stimulate
growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and trigger ovulation; in the male,
they stimulate the production of sperm (spermatogenesis). HCG is a hormone
secreted by the placenta during pregnancy that helps to support the endometrium
(uterine lining). Human menopausal gonadotropins (HMG) A term used to designate
FSH and LH extracted from the urine of post-menopausal women and prepared
to be used in the treatment of infertility. Hypothalamus The region of the
brain just above the pituitary that controls hormone production and release
by the gland. Implantation The embedding of the fertilized ovum in the lining
of the uterus. In vitro fertilization (IVF) Assisted reproduction technique
involving stimulation of ovulation to obtain several oocytes (eggs) with drugs,
such as gonadotropins. Eggs are then removed using an ultrasound guided needle
and immediately mixed with the partner's sperm or with donor sperm. To enable
cell division, the fertilized eggs are then placed in a protected environment
for 24 to 48 hours. The embryos obtained are subsequently replaced into the
patient's uterus, where they may implant. In vitro maturation (IVM) Immature
oocytes (eggs) are retrieved from the ovary and matured in vitro, in the laboratory,
until the oocytes (eggs) are mature. Once they are mature, IVF or ICSI is
then performed. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) The technique of using
microinjection to inject one sperm into the cytoplasm of the egg. Laparoscopy
The direct visualization of the reproductive organs by a fibre optic scope
inserted through a small abdominal incision. Laparoscopy is a part of the
basic infertility investigation and is often used when tubal damage or endometriosis
is suspected. Luetenizing hormone (LH) A hormone released by the pituitary
gland which triggers the release of an egg by the mature ovarian follicle.
In the male, LH stimulates the production of testosterone by the testes. Testosterone
is important for sperm development (spermatogenesis). Oocyte Human egg. Ovaries
The female sex glands with both a reproductive function (releasing eggs) and
a hormone function (producing estrogen and progesterone). Ovulation induction
(OI) Drug therapy to stimulate growth and release of eggs from the ovaries.
This may be used to treat an underlying ovulatory problem or to augment the
ovulatory process. Ovum The egg cell produced in the ovaries each month. Pituitary
gland A gland located at the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus, which
controls almost every endocrine gland in the body and therefore controls human
growth, development and reproduction. Progesterone A hormone produced and
released by the corpus luteum of the ovary during the second half of an ovulatory
cycle. It is necessary for the preparation of the lining of the uterus for
the implantation of the fertilized egg. It is also produced by the placenta
during pregnancy. Scrotum A sac of skin and thin muscle which holds the testes
and is found below the penis. Semen The sperm and seminal secretions ejaculated
during orgasm. Spermatogenesis The production of sperm. Testes The male sex
glands that have both a reproductive function (producing sperm cells) and
a hormone function (producing testosterone). Varicocele A varicose vein around
the vas deferens in the testes. May be a cause of male infertility. Vas deferens
A thick walled tubular structure running from each testis into the ejaculatory
duct. These structures carry sperm from the epididymis to the penis. Zona
pellucida Membrane surrounding a cleaved embryo. </P>
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